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Faults and Their Remedies in Thermoforming Practice
Sr. No. |
Recognized Fault |
Probable Cause |
Proposed Treatment |
Hot Line Bending |
Drape Forming |
Vacum Forming |
Free Blown |
|
A |
B |
C |
D |
E |
F |
G |
| 1 |
Apparent bubbles in sheet |
Moisture content too high |
Pre-drying |
+ |
+ |
+ |
+ |
| 2 |
Working temp. too high |
Decrease working temp. |
+ |
|
+ |
+ |
| 3 |
Hair fissures, fragile part
|
Part overheated |
Decrease heating period |
|
|
+ |
+ |
| 4 |
Mold under-heated |
Increase mold temp. |
|
|
+ |
|
| 5 |
Late extraction of part |
Diminish cooling cycle |
|
|
+ |
|
| 6 |
Vacum speed too high |
Reduce vacum rate |
|
|
+ |
|
| 7 |
Mold corners too sharp |
Round sharp corners |
|
|
+ |
|
| 8 |
Basic sheet size too small |
Increase sheet size |
|
|
+ |
|
| 9 |
Webbing
|
Erratic heating |
Prevent hot or cold spots |
|
|
+ |
|
| 10 |
Mold lead inadequate |
Check spacing-min. depth x 2 |
|
|
+ |
|
| 11 |
Vacum speed too high |
Reduce vacume rate |
|
|
+ |
|
| 12 |
Basic sheet size too large |
Clamp/mold spacing <50mm |
|
|
+ |
|
| 13 |
Blurred or partial detailing |
Vacum too weak |
Seal leaks/add vacum holes |
|
|
+ |
|
| 14 |
Sheet rigid, under-heated |
Extend heating period/temp. |
|
|
+ |
|
| 15 |
Product sticks to mold
|
Mold overheated |
Decrease mold temperature |
|
|
+ |
|
| 16 |
Product release delayed |
Shorten release period |
|
|
+ |
|
| 17 |
Draft angle too steep |
Enlarge draft angle up to 4-6° |
|
|
+ |
|
| 18 |
Marked zones on product
|
Irregular finish of mold |
Treat mold to consistent finush |
|
|
+ |
|
| 19 |
Suction holes misplaced |
Install new, better placed holes |
|
|
+ |
|
| 20 |
Sheet overheated |
Decrease heating period/ temp. |
+ |
+ |
|
|
| 21 |
Exterior flaws/ roughness |
Dirt/ grime on sheet / mold |
Wipe/Vacum-clean mold/sheet |
|
+ |
+ |
|
| 22 |
Suction holes misplaced |
Install new, better placed holes |
|
|
+ |
|
| 23 |
Inconsistent shape of part |
Mold/ brace under-heated |
Extend pre-heat of mold/brace |
|
|
+ |
|
| 24 |
Irregular heating/ cooling |
Prevent drafts, fix faulty heater |
+ |
|
+ |
+ |
| 25 |
Product release delayed |
Shorten release period |
Shorten release period |
|
+ |
|
Annealing
Cold fabrication, or various thermoforming systems of the PALSUN sheets, may induce detrimental internal stresses, which may eventually cause failure, and have to be relieved by annealing.
Annealing is achieved by heating the fabricated objects evenly in an air-circulating oven up to 120 to 130°C, and leaving them inside for about an hour for every 3mm thickness. (Example: 6 mm thick formed part- 2 hours of “baking”).
After the “baking” period, the parts should be left to cool down slowly to the ambient temperature. It is preferable to let it cool inside the closed oven.
Hot Tips about PALSUN Thermoforming
Consistent part-to-part uniformity is better ensured if the sheet blanks prepared for the thermoforming process are cut from the basic sheet always at the same direction.
Best results in thermoforming are achieved when parts are heated to temperatures just above the HDT (150°C - 300°F).
Thermoforming parts below the HDT temperature induces undue internal stresses.
Secure the cooling area for thermoformed parts against undue drafts. Uneven cooling may result in warping and/or curling of parts.
Assure precise and systematic control over oven temperature and heating time.
PALSUN MR and FR are not recommended for use in thermoforming. The bending and stretching involved during the process will break and crack the protective coating.